Mubhuku rinonzi "Guta Risingaonekwe" rakanyorwa nemunyori wekuItaly Calvino, mune chirevo chinoti: "Guta rakaita sehope, uye zvese zvinofungidzirwa zvinogona kurota ..."
Sechisikwa chikuru chetsika dzevanhu, maguta ane chishuwo chevanhu chehupenyu huri nani. Kwezviuru zvemakore, kubva kuna Plato kusvika kuMoore, vanhu vagara vachitarisira kuvaka Utopia. Saka, neimwe nzira, kuvakwa kweguta idzva rakangwara kuri pedyo nekuvapo kwefungidziro yevanhu yehupenyu huri nani.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura kuri kuita zvinhu zvitsva muChina pamwe nekuvandudzwa kweruzivo rwechizvino-zvino rwakaita seInternet of Things, kuvakwa nekuvandudzwa kwemaguta akangwara kuri kuitika. Guta remaroto rinogona kunzwa, kufunga, kushanduka uye kuva nekupisa kuri kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma..
Purojekiti yechipiri pakukura mumunda weInternet of Things:Guta Rakangwara
Chirongwa che "smart city" ne "smart city" chave chiri chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukurukurwa. Chinonyanya kuitwa kuburikidza neInternet yezvinhu zvine chinangwa uye zvakabatana, data nekubatana, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwemhinduro nedzimwe tekinoroji.
Nekuchinja kubva kumapurojekiti enguva pfupi eguta rakangwara kuenda kuboka rekutanga remaguta akangwara, mapurojekiti eguta rakangwara achawedzera zvakanyanya. Kutaura zvazviri, kukura uku kwakatanga makore akati wandei apfuura uye kwakakurumidza muna 2016. Pakati pawo, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti chirongwa cheguta rakangwara ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinotungamira muInternet of Things mukuita.
Sekureva kwemushumo wakaburitswa neIoT Analytics, kambani yeGerman Internet of Things analysis, kubva pamaonero ehuwandu hwepasi rose hwemapurojekiti eInternet of Things, chirongwa chesmart city ndicho chirongwa chechipiri pakukura cheInternet of Things, mushure meindasitiri yeInternet. Muchirongwa chesmart city, application inonyanya kufarirwa ndeyekufambisa kwakangwara, ichiteverwa nemidziyo yakangwara.
Kuti guta rive guta rakangwara "chairo", rinoda nzira yakazara yekubatanidza mapurojekiti akasiyana-siyana uye kunamira data rakawanda nemapuratifomu pamwe chete kuti riwane mabhenefiti ese anounzwa neguta rakangwara. Pakati pazvo,tekinoroji yakavhurikauyepuratifomu yedata rakavhurikachichava kiyi yedanho rinotevera.
IDC yakati puratifomu yedata rakavhurika muna 2018 ichava muganhu unotevera wepuratifomu yeInternet of Things. Kunyangwe pachava nezvipingamupinyi uye pasina kutaurwa zvakanyanya nezvemaguta akangwara, zviri pachena kuti kuvandudzwa kwepuratifomu iyi yedata rakavhurika kuchave nechinzvimbo chakakosha mumunda wemaguta akangwara.
Mu "IDC FutureScape: Forecast yeGlobal Internet of Things muna 2017", IDC yakataura nezvekushanduka kwedata iri rakavhurika. Kambani iyi yakati panosvika 2019, hurumende dzemunharaunda nedzematunhu dzinosvika 40% dzichashandisa Internet of Things kushandura zvivakwa zvakaita semwenje yemumugwagwa, migwagwa nezviratidzo zvemigwagwa kuita midziyo kwete zvikwereti.
Ndezvipi zviitiko zvekushandiswa kwemaguta akangwara?Pamwe hatizofungi nezvechirongwa chekuchengetedza nharaunda nechirongwa chekunyevera nezvemafashamo, asi hazvirambiki kuti zvakakosha muchirongwa chekuchengetedza nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, kana kusvibiswa kwenharaunda mumaguta kuchipikiswa, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekuvaka mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza nharaunda, nekuti anogona kupa mabhenefiti akananga uye anobatsira kuvagari.
Ehe, nyaya dzemaguta dzakangwara dzinonyanya kufarirwa dzinosanganisira nzvimbo dzekupaka mota dzakangwara, manejimendi emotokari akangwara, marambi emumugwagwa akangwara uye manejimendi emarara akangwara. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyaya idzi dzinowanzo sanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvandudza mashandiro, kugadzirisa matambudziko emumaguta, kuderedza mari, kuvandudza hupenyu hwemumaguta uye kuisa vagari vemo pekutanga nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
Izvi zvinotevera zvimwe zviitiko zvekushandiswa kana minda yemaguta akangwara:
Mabasa everuzhinji, zvakaita semabasa evagari, mabasa ekushanya, kutakura veruzhinji, kuzivikanwa nehutungamiriri, uye mabasa eruzivo.
Kuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji, zvakaita sechiedza chakangwara, kutarisa zvakatipoteredza, kutevedza midziyo, mapurisa, kutarisa mavhidhiyo uye kupindura panguva yenjodzi.
Kugara kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kutarisa nharaunda, kutonga nekudzoreredza marara nekuchenjera, simba rekuchenjera, kuyerwa nekuchenjera, mvura nekuchenjera, nezvimwewo.
Zvivakwa, kusanganisira zvivakwa zvine hungwaru, kutarisa hutano hwezvivakwa nezvivakwa, zvivakwa zvine hungwaru, kudiridza zvine hungwaru, nezvimwewo.
Kutakurwa: mugwagwa wakangwara, kugovana mota ne network, kupaka mota kwakangwara, manejimendi emotokari akangwara, kutarisa ruzha nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, nezvimwewo.
Muminda yemushonga wakangwara, dzidzo yakangwara, kutonga kwakangwara, kuronga kwakangwara, ruzivo rwakangwara/rwakavhurika, mabasa nemasevhisi eguta rakangwara zvakabatana zvakanyanya, izvo zvakare chinhu chakakosha chinogonesa guta rakangwara.
Harisi guta rakangwara chete rakavakirwa pa "tekinoroji"
Sezvatinotanga kufambira mberi kuenda kuguta rakangwara, sarudzo dziripo, kuchinjana data, puratifomu yeInternet of Things nezvimwe zvinhu zvicharamba zvichikura.
Kunyanya kune akawanda mashandisirwo akadai sekugadzirisa marara nekuchenjera kana nzvimbo yekupaka ine njere, tekinoroji yeInternet of Things inoshandiswa mumaguta ane njere nhasi iri nyore uye yakachipa. Nzvimbo yemaguta inowanzo kuve newaya yakanaka yekubatanidza zvikamu zvefoni. Kune makore, mhinduro dzepoinzi uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa mapurojekiti eguta ane njere, uye network yenzvimbo ine simba shoma (LPWAN) mumaguta mazhinji pasi rese. Izvi zvakakwana kusangana nemashandisirwo akawanda.
Kunyangwe paine chinhu chakakosha chehunyanzvi, kukosha kwemaguta akangwara kunopfuura izvozvo. Vanhu vanogona kutokurukura zvinoreva "uchenjeri". Ehe, muchokwadi chakaoma uye chakakwana chemaguta akangwara, ndezvekusangana nezvinodiwa nevagari uye kugadzirisa matambudziko evanhu, nzanga nenharaunda dzemaguta.
Nemamwe mashoko,Guta rakabudirira rechirongwa cheguta rakangwara harisi kuratidzwa kwetekinoroji, asi kuzadzikiswa kwechinangwa zvichibva pamaonero ese enzvimbo yekuvaka nezvinodiwa nevanhu (kusanganisira zvinodiwa zvemweya).Ehe, mukuita, nyika netsika zvakasiyana. Kunyangwe zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvakajairika, zvinosanganisirawo zvinangwa zvekushanda uye zvebhizinesi.
Nhasi uno, chero chinonzi njere, kungave kuri kuvaka kwakangwara, grid yakangwara kana guta rakangwara, musimboti wayo ikubatana nedata, izvo zvinowanikwa netekinoroji dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoshandurwa kuita njere sehwaro hwekuita sarudzo. Ehe, izvi hazvirevi kuti kubatana iInternet yezvinhu chete, uye nharaunda yakabatana yakakosha sevanhu.
Tichifunga nezvematambudziko akawanda epasi rose akadai sekukwegura kwevanhu uye matambudziko emamiriro ekunze, pamwe chete ne "zvidzidzo" zvakadzidzwa kubva mudenda iri, zviri pachena kuti chinangwa chekuongororazve maguta chakakosha kupfuura kare, kunyanya chikamu chemagariro evanhu uye mhando yehupenyu zvinogara zvichikosha.
Accenture yakaita ongororo kubva pamaonero emabasa everuzhinji kune vagari, iyo yakadzidza mashandisirwo ematekinoroji matsva anosanganisira Internet of Things, uye yakawana kuti kuvandudza kugutsikana kwevagari kwaive kwekutanga. Sezvinoratidzwa nechati yeruzivo rwechidzidzo ichi, kuvandudza kugutsikana kwevashandi kwakanyanyawo (80%), uye kazhinji, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeInternet yakagadziridzwa kwakaunza mhedzisiro inooneka.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-17-2023
